Farah, Talal Toufic (1985). Protection and politics in Bahrain, 1869-1915. American University of Beirut. ISBN978-0-8156-6074-3.
Khuri, Fuad Ishaq (1980). Tribe and state in Bahrain: The transformation of social and political authority in an Arab state. University of Chicago Press. ISBN978-0-226-43473-5.